However, other authors dispute this etymology with some claiming that cairi does not mean hummingbird ( tukusi or tucuchi being suggested as the correct word) and some claiming that kairi, or iere, simply means island. Joseph claimed that Trinidad's Indigenous name was Cairi or 'Land of the Humming Bird', derived from the Arawak name for hummingbird, ierèttê or yerettê. 7.11 National anthem and national songs.4.5.2 Trinidad and Tobago Prison Service.2.4.1 Arrival of Indian indentured labourers.Trinidad and Tobago is well known for its African and Indian cultures, reflected in its large and famous Carnival, Diwali, and Hosay celebrations, as well being the birthplace of steelpan, the limbo, and music styles such as calypso, soca, rapso, parang, chutney, and chutney soca. Unlike most Caribbean nations and territories, which rely heavily on tourism, the economy is primarily industrial with an emphasis on petroleum and petrochemicals much of the nation's wealth is derived from its large reserves of oil and natural gas. It is recognised by the World Bank as a high-income economy. Trinidad and Tobago has the 7th highest GDP per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP) in the Americas after the United States, Canada, Puerto Rico, The Bahamas, Aruba and Guyana as of 2022.

Trinidad and Tobago obtained independence in 1962, becoming a republic in 1976. Trinidad and Tobago were ceded to Britain in 1802 under the Treaty of Amiens as separate states and unified in 1889. During the same period, the island of Tobago changed hands among Spanish, British, French, Dutch, and Courlander colonists more times than any other island in the Caribbean. Spanish governor José María Chacón surrendered the island to a British fleet under the command of Sir Ralph Abercromby in 1797. The island of Trinidad was inhabited for centuries by Indigenous peoples before becoming a colony in the Spanish Empire, following the arrival of Christopher Columbus, in 1498. The island country's capital is Port of Spain, while its largest and most populous city is San Fernando. Trinidad and Tobago is generally considered to be part of the West Indies. It shares maritime boundaries with Barbados to the northeast, Grenada to the northwest and Venezuela to the south and west. Consisting of the main islands Trinidad and Tobago, and numerous much smaller islands, it is situated 130 kilometres (81 miles) south of Grenada and 11 kilometres (6.8 miles) off the coast of northeastern Venezuela. t ə ˈ b eɪ ɡ oʊ/ ( listen), /- t oʊ-/), officially the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, is the southernmost island country in the Caribbean. Trinidad and Tobago ( / ˈ t r ɪ n ɪ d æ d . ^ Despite becoming a republic on the 1st of August, Republic Day is celebrated as a public holiday on the 24th of September because this is the date when the first Parliament met under the new Republican Constitution.

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